Suchergebnisse

Artikel ini menggambarkan bagaimana proses kebijakan ekonomi dilakukan dalam praktek berdasarkan pengalaman di Indonesia sewaktu masa pemerintahan Megawati 2001-2004. Pada tahun 2001 ekonomi Indonesia mengalami ketidakstabilan makro yang bersumber dari hilangnya kepercayaan para pelaku ekonomi terhadap kebijakan pemerintah. Di sini ditunjukkan langkah-langkah apa yang diambil untuk mengembalikan kepercayaan tersebut, hambatan-hambatan apa yang dihadapi dalam praktek terutama karena Indonesia juga sedang mengalami masa transisi politk yang mendasar. Prinsip ekonomi yang melandasi kebijakan pemerintah cukup sederhana, namun yang rumit adalah penerapannya dalam praktek. Hambatan politik-ekonomi itu satu per satu diselesaikan dan hasilnya adalah ekonomi Indonesia yang stabil dalam tahun 2004. Satu hal yang belum dapat dicapai pada waktu itu adalah bagaimana meningkatkan investasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup tinggi untuk mengurangi pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Ini memerlukan pembenahan struktural untuk memperbaiki iklim usaha dan iklim investasi yang sifatnya berjangka menegah dan panjang. Inilah tantangan yang harus ditanggulangi oleh pemerintahan sekarang tanpa mengorbankan stabilitas ekonomi yang sudah dicapai.

Abstract Hippocampus is a part of the brain that has a major role in spatial learning and memory which can be affected by herbal extracts. Incense resin (Styrax benzoin) has been used by local communities to improve intelligence. However, there is no scientific evidence of the functions of Styrax benzoin for regulating hippocampal function. The aim of this study was intended to analyze and investigate the effect of incense resin on learning, memory, and dendrite complexity of mice. Three months old male Deutch Democratic Yokohama (DDY) mice were injected orally with graded doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg of incense resin aqueous extract daily for 30 days. Spatial learning and memory performance levels were tested with Y-maze alternation, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze. The branches and maximum dendritic span in the dentate gyrus were observed by the Golgi-Cox staining. Overall, our results showed that incense resin extract increased learning and memory ability, and the number of dendrite branching in the dentate gyrus.

Back in 2017, the government dismissed a mass organization called Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia or HTI. This dismissal referred to the activities organized by HTI that was believed to pose a threat to the political sovereignty of the state. On one hand, the symbol of HTI is still visible to the public's eye on media and in all forms. Organizational symbols, believed to represent an identity and the soul of movement, have been used by several mass organizations. This research is focused on the analysis of the urgent necessity of issuing the regulations that ban the use of organizational symbols that have long been banned by the government. With normative legal method, statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches, this research has revealed that the urgency of issuing the regulations banning the organizational symbols principally refers to Pancasila (the Five Principles) as the source of law, the 1945 Indonesian Constitution, Provisions of People's Consultative Assembly, laws, and legal history of regulating mass organizations and the concept of Human Rights as referred to by the people of Indonesia